Guidelines for Developing and Evaluating Tree Ordinances

Literature Cited


Bernhardt, E.; Swiecki, T. J. 1991. Guidelines for developing and evaluating tree ordinances. Prepared for: Urban Forestry Program, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Sacramento, CA. 76 p. (Download from UFEI site)

Bernhardt, E.; Swiecki, T. J. 1993. The state of urban forestry in California - 1992. Prepared for: Urban Forestry Program, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Sacramento, CA. 91 p.

Center for Urban Forest Research 2001a. Air Quality and Parking Lot Shade. Web page. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA. Avaliable online at http://wcufre.ucdavis.edu/air.htm#Parking

Center for Urban Forest Research 2001b. City of Davis Parking Lot Tree Shade Ordinance Amendments. Web page. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA. Avaliable online at http://wcufre.ucdavis.edu/parkordinances.htm

Coder, K. 1996a. Assessing Construction Damage: Tree Damage Exposure Values and Recovery Times. The University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Forest Resources Unit Publication FOR 96-036. Available online at http://www.forestry.uga.edu/warnell/html/service/library/for96-036.html

Coder, K. 1996b. Construction Damage Assessments: Trees and Sites. The University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Forest Resources Unit Publication FOR 96-039A. Available online at http://www.forestry.uga.edu/warnell/html/service/library/for96-039a.html

Council of Tree & Landscape Appraisers. 2000. Guide for plant appraisal. 9th edition. Champaign, IL: International Society of Arboriculture.

Daubenmire, R. 1959. A canopy-coverage method of vegetation analysis. Northwest Science 33:43-64.

Galvin, M.F.; Wilson, B.; and Honeczy, M..1999. Maryland's Forest Conservation Act: A Process for Urban Greenspace Protection During the Development Process, in: Randrup, Thomas Barfoed (ed).: Proceedings from the Urban Greening and Landscape Architecture research syposium. Proceedings no. 2-1999. Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, Hoersholm, 130 p.

Harris, R. W.; Matheny, N.; Clark, J.R.1999. Arboriculture: integrated management of landscape trees, shrubs, and vines. Third edition. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Jennings, N. E. 1978. Tree ordinances for small towns. National Urban Forestry Conference Proc. 1:743-745.

Johnson, G. 1999. Protecting Trees from Construction Damage: A Homeowner's Guide. Publication FO-6135-GO. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Extension Service University of Minnesota. Available online at http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/housingandclothing/DK6135.html

Little, T. M.; Hills, F. J. 1972. Statistical methods in agricultural research. Berkeley, CA: University of California Public Services Offices.

Lobel, D. F. 1983. Managing urban forests using forestry concepts. Journal of Arboriculture 9(3):75-78.

Matheny, N; Clark, J. R.1998. Trees and Development: A Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land Development. Champaign. IL: International Society of Arboriculture. 183 p.

McPherson, E. G.; Johnson, C. W. 1988. A community forest planning process: case study of citizen participation. Landscape and Urban Planning 15:185-194.

McPherson, E. G. (submitted) Sacramento's parking lot shading ordinance: environmental and economic costs of compliance. Landscape and Urban Planning.

Miller, R. W. 1988. Urban forestry: planning and managing urban greenspaces. Prentice- Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 404 p.

Nowak, D. J.; Rowntree, R. A.; McPherson, E. G.; Sisinni, S. M.; Kerkmann, E. R.; Stevens, J. C. 1996. Measuring and analyzing urban tree cover. Landscape and Urban Planning 36: 49-57.

Peper, P.J.;Mori,S.M.;McPherson, E.G. (submitted) Predictive equations for dimensions and leaf area of San Joaquin Valley street trees. Tree Physiology.

Rossi, R. S. 1990. Oak ordinances: do they help or hurt? Fremontia 18(3):96-98.

Sommer, R. 1989. Householder response to street trees. Final report. Center for Consumer Research, Univ. of California, Davis, CA. 61 p.

Sommer, R.; Guenther, H.; Barker, P. A. 1990. Surveying householder response to street trees. Landscape Journal 9:79-85.

Schrock, D. S. 1996. Preventing Construction Damage to Trees. Publication G6885. Columbia, MO: University Extension, University of Missouri. Available online at http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/hort/g06885.htm

Scott, K.I., Simpson, J.R., and E.G. McPherson. 1999. Effects of tree cover on parking lot microclimate and vehicle emissions. Journal of Arboriculture 25(3): 129-142. Online at http://wcufre.ucdavis.edu/effects_of_tree_cover_on_parking.htm

Sydnor, T. D. No date. The response of Ohio's native and naturalized trees to construction activity. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University, Urban Forestry School of Natural Resources. (Article and online database) Available online at http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~natres/const.htm

Sydnor, T. D.; Heiligmann, R. B. No date (1999?) Trees and Home Construction: Minimizing the impact of construction activity on trees. Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 870-99. Online at http://ohioline.ag.ohio-state.edu/b870/index.html

Tschantz, B. A. and Sacamano, P.L. 1994. Munincipal tree management in the United States. Davey Resource Group and Communication Research Associates, Inc. 58pp plus appendix.

Valentine, F. A.; Westfall, R. D.; Manion, P. D. 1978. Street tree assessment by a survey sampling procedure. Journal of Arboriculture 4(3):49-57.

World Forestry Center; Morgan, R. 1989a. An introductory guide to community and urban forestry in Washington, Oregon and California. World Forestry Center, Portland, OR. 25 p.

World Forestry Center; Morgan, R. 1989b. A technical guide to community and urban forestry in Washington, Oregon and California. Portland, OR: World Forestry Center.  49 p.

Additional References

General

Abbey, D. G.; Abbey, B. 1998. U.S. Landscape Ordinances : An Annotated Reference Handbook. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Duerkson, C. 1993. Tree Conservation Ordinances. PAS 446. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association. 107 pp.

Louisiana State University School of Landscape Architecture "Green laws" web site http://www.design.lsu.edu/greenlaws

Grey, G. W. 1978. Tree ordinances and related policy. National Urban Forestry Conference Proc. 1:627-631.

Johnston, R. A.; Madison, M. E. 1991. Application of CEQA to protection of hardwood rangeland habitat. Div. of Environmental Studies, Univ. of California, Davis, CA. Prepared for: Forest and Rangeland Resource Assessment Program, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Sacramento, CA.

National Arbor Day Foundation. Make your town a Tree City USA. Pamphlet. 6 p.

Tereshkovich, G., 1990. Texas Municipal Tree and Landscape Ordinances. Journal of Arboriculture 16(3):62-65.

Thurow, C.; Toner, W.; Erley, D. 1975. Performance controls for sensitive lands: a practical guide for local administrators. Parts 1 and 2. Planning Advisory Service Reports 307, 308. American Society of Planning Officials, Chicago.

Weber, C. C. 1982.  Developing A Successful Urban Tree Ordinance.  In: Proceedings of the Second National Urban
Forestry Conference.  Reprinted version available online at http://www.msue.msu.edu/msue/imp/moduf/07279528.html

Dot grid estimation

Barrett, J. P.; Philbrook, J. S. 1970. Dot grid estimates: precision by repeated trials. Journal of Forestry 68:149-154.

Gering, L. R.; Bailey, R. L. 1984. Optimum dot-grid density for area estimation with aerial photographs. Journal of Forestry 82:428-431.

Rowntree, R. A. 1984. Forest canopy cover and land use in four eastern United States cities. Urban Ecology 8:55-67.
 

Public Polling

Dillman, D. A. 1978. Mail and telephone surveys: the total design method. Wiley, New York. 325 p.

Groves, R. M.; Kahn, R. L. 1979. Surveys by telephone. Academic Press, New York. 358 p.

Warwick, D. P.; Lininger, C. A. 1975. The sample survey: theory and practice. McGraw-Hill, New York. 344 p.